International Society for Ecological Economics Internet Encyclopaedia of Ecological Economics Technological “ lock - in ”

International Society for Ecological Economics Internet Encyclopaedia of Ecological Economics Entropy

International Society for Ecological Economics Internet Encyclopaedia of Ecological Economics Post - Normal Science

International Society for Ecological Economics Internet Encyclopaedia of Ecological Economics Discounting the future

Introduction Discounting is probably one of the most disputed issues in ecological economics. Current human activities may cause immediate and long-term environmental damages. Discounting, the usual procedure to give a present value to financial flows occurring in the future, seems to give outrageously low values to future damages, and thus, to “play against” the environment and future generati...

International Society for Ecological Economics Internet Encyclopaedia of Ecological Economics Agent-Based Modelling Entry prepared for the Internet Encyclopaedia of Ecological Economics

1. Introduction Agent-based modelling (ABM) is the computational study of social agents as evolving systems of autonomous interacting agents. ABM is a tool for the study of social systems from the complex adaptive system perspective. From this perspective, the researcher is interested in how macro phenomena are emerging from micro level behaviour among a heterogeneous set of interacting agents ...

International Society for Ecological Economics

Is ecological economics mainly a natural science or a social science? Ecologists may start from a natural science perspective emphasizing positivism and value-neutrality as their theory of science. When looking for similarly inclined scholars in the social sciences they will find friends among neoclassical economists. But theory of science is not limited to positivism and economics is much more...